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Lakota Culture Of Sun Dance And Heyoka

By Angela Fisher


While there are many cultural aspects with regard to Native American tribes, most differ in comparison. The lakota culture hosts a number of interesting ceremonies and figures not found in other tribes. One such figure is that of Heyoka, a sacred clown which is associated with the lakota people of North America.

Heyoka, a jester, contrarian and satirist moves, speaks and reacts in opposition to others whom are present. Only those whom have had visions of thunder and whom have been accepted by community members can be recognized in this regard. Whereas, leaders such as Black Elk and others whom describe oneself as a Heyoka often do so because of visitations by thunder beings during childhood.

Sun Dance remains one of the most well known Native American rituals of the Lakota people. While practiced by Indigenous tribes of North America and Canada, the ceremony is a coming together of different tribes to pray for healing which involves a sacrificial act. While this is the case, there are also a number of pow wows in which tribal members come together in full regalia to celebrate, pray and practice ceremonies and rituals associated with the tribe.

Sun Dance, one of many ceremonies prohibited by the Canadian and United States governments was aimed at suppressing Indigenous cultures from practicing Sun Dance and other ceremonies. Canada eventually lifted prohibition against Sun Dance, speaking native languages and other Indigenous practices. Unlike Canada, Indigenous tribes in the United States continued to ban the speaking of Native American languages and the practice of Sun Dance and other cultural activities until the late 1970s.

The Native Americans, Native Hawaiians, Aleuts and Eskimos gained protection through an act of the United States Congress which gave protection to the tribes along with preserving the religious and cultural rights associated with each of the tribes. After which, tribes could once again practice the ceremonies, rituals and speak using the native language of the tribe.

Sun Dance, one of the most sacred of Indigenous ceremonies is often considered a test of physical and spiritual endurance. For, the practice involves tribal members dancing around another member whom is attached to a pole with thongs. At some point and time during the ritual, the members pierce the chest skin of the individual on the pole. After which, the letting of blood represents the sacrificial element of the ceremony.

As the ritual is considered a sacred ceremony, most tribal members are hesitant to discuss the event in detail. In fact, given the long period of misappropriation, many tribes are concerned that outsiders will abuse these and other rituals. As such, the words spoken during ceremonies and rituals are often the native language of tribe.

Ultimately, the Lakota and other tribes voted to pass a Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality at an event known as the Lakota Summit V. At which time, the declaration was passed unanimously by a gathering of leaders from forty bands and tribes. After which, anyone caught exploiting aspects of the tribes could be tried and punished under local tribal law.




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