Plant red betel (Piper crocatum) included in the family Piperaceae, growing vine with heart-like leaf shape and stemmed, which grow alternately from the stem and the appearance of red leaves and shiny silver. In the red betel leaves which contained alkoloid phytochemical compounds, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Red Box has always been used by people who are on the island of Java as a remedy for various kinds of diseases meyembuhkan and is part of the traditional event. The use of red betel can be used in the form of fresh, Simplisia or extract capsules. Red betel empirically to cure various kinds militus diseases such as diabetes, hepatitis, kidney stones, lower cholesterol, prevent stroke, gout, hypertension,inflammation of the liver, inflammation of the prostate, eye inflammation, vaginal discharge, ulcers, fatigue, joint pains and skin refining. The results of preclinical testing in mice by giving a dose of the extract up to 20 g / kg body weight, safe to eat and not be toxic. Red betel is widely used in the clinic as a center of herbal medicine or therapy for patients who can not be cured by chemical drugs. Potential red betel as a medicinal plant is very large multi-function needs to be improved so that its use as an ingredient in modern medicine.
Betel plants have many species and has a diverse species, such as betel ivory, green betel leaves, betel leaves, black, yellow and betel betel red. All types of betel plants have similar characteristics of vine plants with leaf shape resembles a heart and grow apart stemmed from the stem alternately.
Red betel (Piper crocatum) is one of the potential medicinal plant which has long been known to have many medicinal properties to cure many kinds of diseases, besides that it also has spiritual values high. Red betel included in one important element that must be provided in any traditional ceremonies, especially in Jogyakarta. These plants included in the Pipe-raceae families with sightings of red-colored leaves and shiny keperakkan light when hit.
Red betel vine growing on a fence or tree. Characteristic of this plant is trunked round purple, green and flowering. The leaves are heart-stemmed form the heart and the end of the tapering leaves. Leaves the surface shiny and uneven. What distinguishes the betel leaf green is red than silver, when the leaves are torn and it will discharge more fragrant scent.
Red betel herb has long been used by courts Jogyakarta environment as a medicinal plant which beguna to ngadi saliro. In the 1990s red betel functioned as an ornamental plant by the hobis, because an attractive appearance. Surface of red leaves and shiny silver. In recent years this crowded discussed and used as a medicinal plant. From some experience, known to have red betel drug efficacy for various diseases. With a mixture of red betel has healed many people from various diseases. Therefore many people who want to membudidayakannya.
Aspect cultivation
Red betel can be propagated vegetatively by grafting penyetekan or because this plant is not flowering. Penyetekan can be done by using the cable with a length of 20 to 30 cm. Vines should be selected which has issued the roots and have 2 to 3 leaves or 2 to 3 books. To reduce evaporation, leaves on the cut part or discard entirely. Vines taken from healthy plants and has more than a year old. How to multiplication by the cutting can be done by providing a planting medium in the form of sand, soil and compost with the comparative 1: 1: 1. media is inserted into the polibeg stand ameter 10 cm which was dilubangin bottom. Cuttings that had chopped soaked in water for about 15 minutes. Polibeg cuttings planted in the media that already contains the plant. Place the cuttings in the shade with the sun shines approximately 60%.
Propagation by grafting is done by selecting old enough branches approximately 15 cm from the main stem and branches will be tied or wrapped or coconut coir fibers that can suck the water. Transplant does not need peeling bark. Transplant cultivated roots are always wet so fast growing and growing. Transplant can be cut and if ditanaman in polibeg emerging roots are many. For the spread of the marker is made of wood or bamboo sticks. Watering is one to two times a day depending on the weather.
Planting in the field carried out at the beginning of the rainy season and as the pole can be used to climb trees and kelor dadap. Spacing can be used 1 x 1 m, 1 x 1.5 m depending on the condition of the land.
Red betel can adapt well in any type of soil and not too difficult in maintenance. During this red betel generally grow without fertilization. What is important for growth in the field is a good watering and sunlight received by 60 to 75%.
Post-harvest handling
Red betel plants ready for harvest at least 4 months old, at this time the plant has a leaf from 16 to 20 sheets. The size of the leaves were optimal and its length reaches 15 to 20 cm. Leaves that are harvested must be old enough, clean and shiny color because at that level of active ingredient is high. How to harvest the leaves of plants starting from the bottom to the top.
Once picked, the leaves are sorted and soaked in water for membersikan dirt and dust, then rinsed clean and drained. Later leaves chopped with a sharp knife, clean and sterile, with 1 cm wide slices. Results chopped dried in the air the Tampah dialas paper has reached airnnya levels below 12%, for about 3 - 4 days. Chopped dried leaves that have been incorporated into a transparent plastic bag waterproof, jointly submitted to silica gel absorbing water, and then closed the meeting. The packaging is labeled on the packaging then stored in a dry and clean. With good storage Simplisia red betel can survive up to 1 year.
How to use the red betel Simplisia by boiling as much as 3 to 4 slices chopped with a glass of water to boiling. After boiling, stew is filtered and cooled. The use of red betel can be done except in the form of Simplisia also in the form of teas, powders, capsules and extracts.
Making red betel powder is taken from Simplicia that has dried and then milled using a grinder to reach the size of 40 mesh. Packaging done in transparent plastic bags and labeled. While extract capsules made from the powder extracted with 70% ethanol. Extracts obtained viscous fillers added 50% rice flour and dried using an oven at a temperature of 400C, when dry put into capsules.
Chemical
Plants produce many kinds of chemicals for a particular purpose, are called secondary metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites are not essential ingredients for the benefit of living plants, but has a function to compete with other living creatures. Secondary metabolites produced by various plants such as alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoid, flavonoids, cyanogenic, glucoside, glucosinolate and nonprotein amino acids. Alkaloids are secondary metabolites produced by most plants. Alkaloids are organic materials containing nitrogen as part of a heterocyclic system. Our ancestors have been using alkaloids from the plant as a medicine. Until now, more and more alkaloids found and isolated for modern medicine.
The traditional healers have much use of red by betel plant because it has an important chemical to cure various diseases. In the red betel leaves which contained alkoloid phytochemical compounds, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. From the book "A review of natural products and plants as potential antidiabetic" reported that flavonoid compounds had alkokoloid and hypoglycemic activity or lowering blood glucose levels.
Another chemical found in red betel leaves are essential oils, hidroksikavicol, kavicol, kavibetol, allylprokatekol, karvakrol, eugenol, pcymene, cineole, caryofelen, kadimen estragol, terpenena, and phenyl propada. Because of the content of the substance / chemical compounds is beneficial, red betel leaf has a very large benefits as a drug. Karvakrol is disinfectant, anti-fungal, which can be used to the smell of antiseptic mouth and whitish. Eugenol can be used to reduce pain, while the tannins can be used to treat stomach pain.
Red betel as a medicinal plant multi-function
Since the time our ancestors first red betel plant is known to have many medicinal properties to cure many kinds of diseases, in addition red betel have spiritual values are high. Red Box is used as one of the important part that must be provided in any traditional ceremonies "ngadi saliro". Rebusannya water containing antiseptic used to maintain the health of the oral cavity and vaginal discharge cure disease and odor.
Research with red betel plant so far still lacking, especially in developing as a raw material for bio-farmaka. During this red betel use in society which is only based on the experience carried out by generations of parents to children or next of kin verbally. In Java, particularly in Kraton Jogjakarta, red betel plant has been consumed since ancient to cure various kinds of diseases. Based on experience of Java tribe red betel plant has many benefits menyembukan hemorrhoid disease, white and mouthwash, alkaloids in the red betel is functioning as anti-microbial.
Besides red betel antiseptic nature can also be used to treat diabetes, by drinking red betel cooking water every day will lower blood sugar levels to normal levels. Cancer is a disease suffered quite a lot of people and highly lethal, can be cured by using a powder or a stew of red betel leaves. Some experience in the community shows that the red betel can lower high blood diseases, but it also can cure hepatitis.
Red betel in the form of herbal tea to treat gout, diabetes, ulcers and fatigue, this has been done by flashlight herbal clinics in Jogjakarta, where the treated patients recovered from diabetes by consuming herbal teas red betel. Red betel as external drug can refine the skin.
Known empirically red betel plant could cure kidney stones, cholesterol, uric acid, heart attack, stroke, prostate inflammation, inflammation of the eyes, colds and sore joints.
The results of preclinical testing in mice by giving a dose of the extract up to 20 g / kg body weight, safe to eat and not be toxic, at doses able to reduce the blood glucose level of 34.3% mice. Writer-is higher than runannya gift anti-diabetic drugs militus commercial Daonil 3.22 MML / kg which is only 27% lower blood glucose of rats. The results of preclinical tests in rats, can be used as a reference for use in people who suffer from diabetes. We have had quite a lot of herbal clinic centers that use red as an ingredient of betel or therapy efficacious and potent for healing different types of diseases
Red betel plants can adapt well in any type of soil so easily grown in large scale (Source: Feri Manoi, vol.13 No. Puslitbangbun Warta. 2, August 2007). Last Updated (Sunday, 17 February 2008).
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